Have you ever gone to your doctor only to hear, “I don’t know what’s wrong”? It happens with veterinarians too. While no one wants to face uncertainty, it can occur for various reasons: the issue might be outside the vet’s specialty, the symptoms could mimic multiple complex conditions, or the right tests may not yet exist.

Just like in human medicine, where you might seek a second opinion or a referral to a specialist, you can do the same for your cat. Here’s what you need to know about referrals and second opinions in veterinary care.

What Is a Referral?

In veterinary medicine, a referral happens when a primary vet, who handles routine and sick appointments, determines that a specialist is needed for a more accurate diagnosis or treatment plan. If your cat has a complex or severe condition, your vet might refer you to a specialist. This specialist will perform advanced diagnostics to uncover the underlying issue and propose a treatment plan. Referrals must be initiated by your primary vet.

What Is a Second Opinion?

A second opinion involves another vet reviewing your cat’s case to provide additional insights. Unlike referrals, second opinions can be sought from any vet, not necessarily a specialist, and you can initiate this process yourself. In some countries, second opinion vets might only offer feedback without performing diagnostics or treatments, which you can then discuss with your primary vet.

Tips for Navigating Referrals and Second Opinions

If you’re considering a referral or second opinion, here’s how to make the process smooth and effective:

1. Prepare Your Cat’s Medical Records

Ensure that all medical records, including imaging, lab results, and history, are sent to the new vet well in advance—ideally a week before the appointment. This allows the new vet to review your cat’s complex history thoroughly.

2. Don’t Fear Retaliation

It’s okay to seek a referral or second opinion. Some pet owners worry about offending their vet, but this can hinder the process. Providing complete records helps the new vet give accurate advice and ensures your cat gets the best care possible.

3. Confirm the Appointment

Call the referral clinic a day or two before the appointment to confirm the time and ensure they have all necessary information from you or your primary vet.

4. Arrive Early

Arrive at the appointment early to complete any additional paperwork or answer questions. Arriving early also accounts for any travel delays and ensures you maximize your appointment time.

If your vet says, “I don’t know what’s going on,” remember that you have options. While it might be daunting, seeking further expertise can lead to answers and effective treatment for your cat.